Mushroom look-alikes: how to tell them apart

The mistakes that put foragers in hospital, compared feature by feature. No single feature is enough: check them all.

Choice edibleNot edible

Bitter bolete vs porcini: how to tell them apart

Bitter bolete vs porcini (penny bun, king bolete): pink pores, a dark net on the stem and a bitter taste separate the inedible Tylopilus from the choice Boletus edulis.

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Choice edibleNot edible

Chanterelle vs false chanterelle: how to tell them apart

Chanterelle vs false chanterelle: blunt cross-veined ridges and firm flesh, or thin repeatedly forked orange gills on conifer debris. Check every feature.

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Choice ediblePoisonous

Chanterelle vs jack-o'-lantern: how to tell them apart

Chanterelle vs jack-o'-lantern: chanterelles have blunt forked ridges and grow from soil. Jack-o'-lanterns have sharp true gills and grow in clusters on wood.

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EdiblePoisonous

Chicken of the woods vs jack-o'-lantern: how to tell them apart

Chicken of the woods vs jack-o'-lantern: stemless brackets with tiny pores underneath, or stemmed funnel caps with sharp gills. Both grow on wood.

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DeadlyChoice edible

Deadly webcap vs chanterelle: how to tell them apart

Deadly webcap vs chanterelle: the webcap has rusty true gills, a cobweb veil, a rusty print and a patterned stem. Symptoms start days later; kidney failure.

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DeadlyDeadly

Death cap vs destroying angel: how to tell them apart

Death cap vs destroying angel: both are deadly amatoxin Amanitas with white gills, a ring and a sack at the base. Cap colour differs; the danger does not.

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PoisonousEdible

Earthball vs puffball: how to tell them apart

Earthball vs puffball: the thick leathery skin, purple-black interior and hard feel that separate the poisonous earthball from an edible puffball. Cut it first.

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EdiblePoisonous

Field mushroom vs yellow stainer: how to tell them apart

Field mushroom vs yellow stainer: the chrome-yellow stem base, the chemical smell and the gill colors that separate the edible Agaricus from the poisonous one.

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EdibleDeadly

Giant puffball vs young Amanita: how to tell them apart

Giant puffball vs young amanita: cut every puffball top to bottom. Pure white inside means puffball; the outline of a cap and gills means an Amanita egg.

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Choice edibleEdibility unknown

Hen of the woods vs black-staining polypore: how to tell them apart

Hen of the woods vs black-staining polypore: cap size, frond thickness, pore size and the black bruising that separates maitake from Meripilus at the base of an oak.

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EdibleDeadly

Honey fungus vs deadly galerina: how to tell them apart

Honey fungus vs deadly galerina: both are brown, ringed and clustered on wood. Honey fungus drops a white spore print; the galerina a rusty brown one, plus amatoxins.

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EdibleDeadly

Meadow mushroom vs destroying angel: how to tell them apart

Meadow mushroom vs destroying angel: gill color, spore print, the sac at the base and why young buttons are the dangerous stage. Symptoms are delayed 6 to 24 hours.

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Choice edibleDeadly

Morel vs false morel: how to tell them apart

Morel vs false morel: a true morel is hollow from cap to base with a pitted cap fused to the stem. A false morel is chambered inside, with a lobed, brain-like cap.

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EdiblePoisonous

Parasol mushroom vs false parasol: how to tell them apart

Parasol mushroom vs false parasol (green-spored parasol): the green spore print, grey-green gills, the smooth stem and where each grows. Shaggy parasol covered too.

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EdiblePoisonous

Shaggy mane vs inky cap: how to tell them apart

Shaggy mane vs inky cap: shaggy white scales, smooth grey caps, clusters on buried wood, and the alcohol reaction that makes the common inky cap poisonous for days.

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